Bischofia javanica - Bishop wood

Description and Uses

Bischofia javanica (Bishop wood) is a tropical tree from Malaysia & Indonesia . It is mainly grown for its timber crops , which have a long shelf life. The crop is harvested by total removing. It starts flowering after 8 - 9 years. The yield will be 12 m3/ha in 8yr, but in its top season there will be a yield of unknown. Other crop types include; edible leave shoot, oil, ornamental, timber, medicinal, tannin, The {missing data} is used as minor food . The bark is used as " antidysenteric, treat caughing, anti-convulsant, " with {missing data} (9.70% - 14.40%) as its significant phytochemical. There is toog oil extracted by cold pressing from the tree's seed/nut yielding 30% - 54% oil. The tree's wood is called Uriam and has a density of 540 - 620 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the tree's growing speed is fast, it's energetic value is 3700 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is slow. After 8 years the tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Bischofia javanica has a lifespan of 30 years.

Environmental limitations

The tree is 42 meters tall with a crown of 24 meters wide. The tree prefers a planting distance of 200 cm and a row distance of 300 cm. It is very fast growing and partial shade tolerant. Bischofia javanica has a shallow root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the Glomus hoi and Glomus intraradices fungi (endo-mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "Sinorhizobium americanum ". The tree's flower-morphology is dioecious and is pollinated by bees. Bischofia javanica is deciduous in dry season and not allelopathic and has no thorns.

Bischofia javanica thrives in an altitude of 0 to 1800 meters above sea-level (tropical). The minimum temperature is 0°C; optimally between 20 - 30°C. The optimal rainfall is 2450 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 1200 - 2500mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 6.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of loam. To salt it is a bit tolerant to wind a bit tolerant and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Bischofia javanica is susceptible to the following pests: Microtermes michaelseni , Lyctus brunneus , Platypus , Aneleptes trifasciata , Lyctus planicollis . Metanastria hyrtaca And it's susceptible to the following diseases: (missing data) , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are recalcitrant and can be stored for 18 months. There are approximative 75750 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed:

• (1) Store harvested seeds in water or in the fruit at room temperature
• (3) Remove the seeds from cold to a permanent warm temperature.
• (3) Seeds germinate above ground (epigeous)