Canarium ovatum - Pili nut tree

Description and Uses

Canarium ovatum (Pili nut tree) is a tropical tree from Malaysia & Indonesia . It is mainly grown for its nut crops , which have a long shelf life. The crop is harvested by ground gathering. It starts flowering after 5 - 7 years. The yield will be 40 kg/tree/year, but in its top season there will be a yield of 140 kg/tree. Other crop types include; nut, fuel, ornamental, gum resin, fruit, edible leave shoot, The {missing data} is used as delicacy . The seed/nut is used as " anti-arthritic activity, " with Manganese (2.3 mg - 2.32 mg) as its significant phytochemical. There is pili oil extracted by {missing data} from the tree's seed/nut yielding 70% - 80% oil. The tree's wood is called pili wood and has a density of 420 - 600 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the tree's growing speed is medium, it's energetic value is 4600 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is medium. After 80 years the tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Canarium ovatum has a lifespan of 500 years.

Environmental limitations

The tree is 20 meters tall with a crown of 18 meters wide. The tree prefers a planting distance of 900 cm and a row distance of 900 cm. It is fast growing and partial shade tolerant. Canarium ovatum has a shallow root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the Glomus hoi and Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae fungi (endo-mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The tree's flower-morphology is hermaphroditic and is pollinated by insects. Canarium ovatum is evergreen and not allelopathic and has no thorns.

Canarium ovatum thrives in an altitude of 0 to 500 meters above sea-level (tropical). The minimum temperature is 0°C; optimally between 24 - 32°C. The optimal rainfall is 3900 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 1400 - 5000mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 5.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of loam. To salt it is intolerant to wind very tolerant and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Canarium ovatum is susceptible to the following pests: . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: Angular leaf spot , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are recalcitrant and can be stored for 1 months. There are approximative 600 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed:

• (1) Store harvested seeds in water or in the fruit at room temperature
• (3) Remove the seeds from cold to a permanent warm temperature.
• (3) Seeds germinate above ground (epigeous)