Betula pendula - White birch

Description and Uses

Betula pendula (White birch) is a temperate tree from North West Europe . It is mainly grown for its timber crops , which have a medium shelf life. The crop is harvested by tapping. It starts flowering after 4 - 7 years. The yield will be 15 litres/tree/month, but in its top season there will be a yield of 30 litres/tree/month. Other crop types include; {missing data} . The {missing data} is used as inedible . The {missing data} is used as " {missing data} " with {missing data} (_ - _) as its significant phytochemical. There is {missing data} extracted by no extraction method from the tree's {missing data} yielding 0% - 0% oil. The tree's wood is called {missing data} and has a density of 600 - 620 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the tree's growing speed is medium, it's energetic value is 4658 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is medium. After 40 years the tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Betula pendula has a lifespan of 90 years.

Environmental limitations

The tree is 24 meters tall with a crown of 14 meters wide. The tree prefers a planting distance of 600 cm and a row distance of 600 cm. It is fast growing and partial shade tolerant. Betula pendula has a shallow root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the fungi (ecto-mycorrhiza). It is able to fix nitrogen moderately with "Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The tree's flower-morphology is monoecious and is pollinated by wind. Betula pendula is deciduous in dry season and not allelopathic and has no thorns.

Betula pendula thrives in an altitude of 0 to 2000 meters above sea-level (temperate). The minimum temperature is -40°C; optimally between 7 - 20°C. The optimal rainfall is 1450 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 700 - 1500mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 5.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of sand. To salt it is a bit tolerant to wind a bit tolerant and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Betula pendula is susceptible to the following pests: . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: (missing data) , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are stratificant and can be stored for 15 months. There are approximative 20000 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed: {missing data}