Juglans regia - Walnut

Description and Uses

Juglans regia (Walnut) is a temperate tree from Eurasia . It is mainly grown for its nut crops , which have a long shelf life. The crop is harvested by ground gathering. It starts flowering after 5 - 7 years. The yield will be 2.5 tons/ha/year, but in its top season there will be a yield of 100 kg/tree/year. Other crop types include; timber, nut, . The {missing data} is used as delicacy . The flower is used as " {missing data} " with Securinine (unknown - unknown) as its significant phytochemical. There is walnut oil extracted by cold pressing from the tree's seed/nut yielding 60% - 67% oil. The tree's wood is called Persian walnutwood and has a density of 630 - 650 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the tree's growing speed is slow, it's energetic value is 3200 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is medium. After 30 years the tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Juglans regia has a lifespan of 90 years.

Environmental limitations

The tree is 35 meters tall with a crown of 20 meters wide. The tree prefers a planting distance of 700 cm and a row distance of 700 cm. It is slow growing and intolerant to shade. Juglans regia has a deep root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the Glomus intraradices fungi (endo and ecto mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The tree's flower-morphology is monoecious and is pollinated by wind. Juglans regia is deciduous in winter and allelopathic and has no thorns.

Juglans regia thrives in an altitude of 0 to 1300 meters above sea-level (temperate). The minimum temperature is -27°C; optimally between 15 - 30°C. The optimal rainfall is 1700 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 600 - 2200mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 6.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of sand. To salt it is intolerant to wind tolerant and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Juglans regia is susceptible to the following pests: Pityophthorus juglandis . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: Bacterial spot , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are stratificant and can be stored for 10 months. There are approximative 85 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed:

• (1) Store harvested seeds dry at room temperature before chilling period.
• (3) press the seeds twice its size in the soil soil.
• (2) Soak the seeds overnight in warm water before sowing.